前言
每次装新系统都要网上搜各种换仓库镜像源的教程，有的还不一定准确，自己总结下，免得到处翻找
我一般用的是 Debian 系统，Centos 因为变得不再稳定，所以我已不再使用，如果你用的是 Debian 系，应该也适合你，如 Ubuntu。
以下教程都是在 root 用户使用，新用户还需要编辑 sudoer 文件，太麻烦了，索性直接用 roo t用户，不过便于以后使用，以后可能普通用户也有换源的需求，有的命令也加上 sudo
查看自己的 Debian 发行版本
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cat /etc/issue
# 或者
cat /proc/version
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本次教程发行版本是 Debian 12 (bookworm)
Debian 软件源文件所在位置 /etc/apt/sources.list
修改之前先备份
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sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
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清华源
官方帮助地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/
Step 1
新系统更新软件缓存包时会用到 官方安全更新软件源，国内网络问题，所以会直接卡住，所以先使用清华源更新，更新后再换回来
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# 编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
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快捷键：
在官网选择好对应的版本和内容如下：
- 是否使用 HTTPS：否
- 是否使用 sudo：是
- Debian 版本：Debian 12 (bookworm)
- 启用源码镜像：否
- 使用官方安全更新软件源：否
将复制的内容粘贴到终端
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deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# # deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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退出，更新缓存
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sudo apt update
# 这一步安装好vim，便于后续使用
sudo apt install vim
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Step 2（可选）
Debian Buster 以上版本默认支持 HTTPS 源，所以可选。
安装：
- apt-transport-https
- ca-certificates
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sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
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Step 3
类似于step1，选择的内容则有所不同
- 是否使用 HTTPS：==是==
- 是否使用 sudo：是
- Debian 版本：Debian 12 (bookworm)
- 启用源码镜像：否
- 使用官方安全更新软件源：==是==
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# 编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 删除全部内容，粘贴重新复制的内容
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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更新缓存
现在就可以自由安装软件了。
中科大
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sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
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阿里云
参考地址：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/debian?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.7fb11b11uZIZXw
Debian10
此源为阿里云的云服务器默认配置，使用阿里云镜像站的源下载速度很慢，不知为何。
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## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance
## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.
## if you wish to make changes you can:
## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
## or do the same in user-data
## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.debian.tmpl
###
# See http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/release-notes/ch-upgrading.html
# for how to upgrade to newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main non-free contrib
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
##
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
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